Chapter 4 seeks to place a growing body of important competencies under one large umbrella, modern literacies. We all know that teaching science, mathematics, and all the other traditional disciplines is not enough to prepare students to navigate today’s complex world. Students must learn to be digitally literate, communicate across cultures and modalities, and make ethical decisions. We can apply the learning transfer mental model to these same competencies. And we can mix them with more classical disciplinary literacy in order to solve multifaceted problems.